A physical examination is the first step in the diagnosis of any animal. It involves a comprehensive evaluation of the animal's physical condition, such as vital signs, body weight, skin coat, eyes, ears, mouth, rumination, rumen fill, body temperature, respiration rate, posture, lameness, production drop, off feed, discharges, mucous membrane, dung, urine, udder inflammation, Mastitis (CMT test), lymph node, history (Calving, abortion, movement, surgery etc.) etc.
2. Blood Tests
Blood tests can provide valuable information about an animal's overall health, CBC (HB, PCV, RBC, WBC, differential WBC count), glucose levels and blood protozoal parasites. With correlation of physical examination, bloods testing results will direct us to specific diagnosis, and this will help to decide further line of treatment.
3. Urine Analysis
Urine analysis will help us to correct the feed formulation and ultimately reduce metabolic disorders. Urine pH and calcium levels are the control measures of feed formulation at different stages. Urine calcium levels will give us great insight for balancing calcium levels in TMR.
4. Dung Examination
Dung analysis will help us to decide deworming schedule, understand the digestibility and identify the abnormal changes in feed formulation. Dung examination can detect the presence of endo parasites, including hook worms, round worms and tape worms.
5. Culture and Sensitivity Testing
Culture and sensitivity testing involves growing bacteria from a sample and testing its sensitivity to various antibiotics. This can help determine infection causal organism, the most effective treatment will be done and ultimately it will help to reduce overall treatment cost.
6. Imaging Tests
Imaging tests, such as X-rays, ultrasounds, and CT scans, can help diagnose internal injuries, tumors, and other health issues. These tests will help us to understand any breeding abnormalities and direct us to the most effective treatment, these will further reduce overall treatment cost.
